With a firearm, any use is use of a lethal weapon. The DA won’t care if you “shot to wound” or “shot to neutralize”. We never “shoot to kill” in self-defense. If the perp dies due to your self-defense actions, that’s on him/her, and not your fault; the perp chose you to be the victim.
Shooting to wound may not result in wounding, as holes in one’s body will result in bleeding, and if you do manage a shot that only “wounds”, where is that bullet going after hitting the perp? Shooting the arm will not likely end the threat, and hitting the artery can still quickly kill; same for the leg, and hitting that artery will kill more quickly, within minutes.
The most important issue is that we can only use lethal force in limited circumstances, such as imminent threat of great bodily harm or death, stopping a felony crime against oneself, home invasion, etc. “Shooting to wound” implies no imminent threat of great bodily harm or death, etc., and therefore use of lethal force, aka use of a firearm or other deadly implement, would likely be illegal.
We use situational awareness to avoid potential threats to self. The best way to win the fight, is to not be there. If no other options, fight to win is a must. ”Wounding” is no guarantee of stopping the threat, it may even escalate it.
In hand-to-hand, one is still not seeking “wounding”, but debilitating the attacker so that he/she can no longer assault you; break bones, dislocate joints, gouge eyes, stomp feet, groin kicks, sternum
strikes, strikes to ears, nose, eyes, throat, etc., anything you can do to stop the threat.