10 feet - large target, high berm or inside.
For someone that’s never shot before I like to start with sight picture practice, from a rest, using a two hand grip resting on a sand bag or other rest, with a .22 LR pistol. Understanding what things are supposed to look like from the start seems a critical step to unsupported shooting and then to point shooting. With the .22 the basics can be trained without any difficulty emerging from flinch and discomfort. Plus it’s cheap.
Additionally, using clay targets or balloons is also a lot of fun and a good shift away from paper. Steel safely mounted doesn’t get used up, and the dynamic “clang” is always fun. Moving up to the higher power pistols and hollow points, gallon jugs of water are a great motivator - as well as a beginning demo of the energy and effect of the bullets fired.
A laser bore sighter, or gun mounted constant-on laser can be very instructive to dramatically show the deflection due to the way in which the trigger is squeezed. (However, for fam and later firing training, until the student has a good grasp of the fundamentals, I prefer to have that laser off. Using the laser for shooting comes after… ).
I’ve also used a switch down to .22 from say, a .357 magnum to work through a shooter’s flinch. In the case of the .357 we moved .22 to .38 and finally back to .357. I’ve also used an “implosion therapy” in which I’ve gone up in recoil before coming back down again. In one case I moved the .357 shooter to a .44 Remington Magnum, took a break, and then picked up with the .357 again - a new world!
Once basic skills at the level of initial familiarization are loosely in place, it’s usually been relatively easy to move to a higher powered pistol.
One thing I do with my first time shooters, or when a shooter is brand new to the gun being trained and doesn’t have a lot of shooting experience, is to only load one round at a time until it’s clear they’re comfortable and controlled. It also greatly eases my task of safely keeping the shooter from turning around with the “Hey! I just hit the target!” grin and sweeping the room.
The single round loaded really makes sense when newer shooters are doing familiarization with the really high powered pistols (or when a new shooter with a small frame and possibly limited hand and arm strength steps up to a even a 9mm).
I think most of us who’ve been shooting a while have seen the videos or heard the horror stories of those who just don’t have a grip or familiarity and kill themselves. It’s not many, but lives have been lost when an inexperienced shooter kills themselves with the second completely unintended discharge when the pistol has recoiled to bring the muzzle to facing the shooter’s head.
In spite of the one round, in all new shooter situations, I am right behind the shooter, and I stay there when moving into magazine (or full cylinder) firing - able to easily physically contain the movement without having to do more than place a hand on the arm as it begins to sweep around.
I’ve had to do that more times than would seem reasonable - especially after walking the shooter through dry fire drills on what’s going to happen and coaching the newbie on “You don’t turn around!” along with the big three of safe handling.
(I like the NRA big three because they are all positive statements beginning with “Always” as in “Always keep the gun pointed in a safe direction” - I spend a bit of time assisting the new shooter in parsing through what “a safe direction” means in various contexts. Each of the big three have those additional points to begin thinking through how they function in safe handling.)
This safety monologue just keeps on going… Last thought. (It’s the COVID isolation talking, for sure): For new shooters who want to start as a family, I have found that very often, even the dads and/or moms have no shooting experience - at all. This first emerged when I was training gun safety at my church’s summer camp and their sons started shooting for the first time, really loved it, and the dad’s wanted to go ahead and start shooting together - but had no experience themselves. This is a huge problem. The solution I recommended to all of them (and continue to do so today) is that if they want to take up shooting, they need to go through at least one hunter safety course together. A lot is taught that is essential, particularly moving with firearms. Then, that they work very hard to find an experienced shooter they know to take along for the first lot of trips to the range.