By physical means. By blocking movement, by grappling, by intentional surrounding with people. The victim acted to intentionally withdraw, or if time and space allowed, has stated their intention to withdraw verbally.
The attacker or attackers then blocked their motion, grabbed them, or surrounded them, or ripped them out of their car specifically to interfere with their withdrawal.
Should the victim be expected to be at their attackerās mercy in this situation? Should they be expected to take unnecessary risk of their own safety by limiting the effectiveness of their response to preserve the safety of their captor?
Do they just have to take a beating sometimes as a prosecutor would suggest in a self defense jury trial?
To be clear, Iām not suggesting the gun is the right move here, Iām suggesting physiological incapacitation of the attackers by whatever means you have might be the only safe move.
In this example the victim could go to the pepper spray, but especially if facing multiple attackers, or if being grappled with already, their chances of successfully evening the odds with pain based deterrents are lower than Iād accept.
Pepper spray and tasers are both pain based deterrents. They can be overcome with psychological conditioning. FBI agents in training are required to demonstrate that they have such conditioning in order to pass the academy: https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/becoming-an-agent-part-4
If someone is psychologically predisposed to violence as shown by their actions, is it safe to assume they are not psychologically conditioned against pain?
I think pepper spray and tasers are acceptable tools to fend off a would-be robber, the robber is likely to not want to endure pain or take the risk of incapacitation to get your wallet. But Iād also argue the robber is likely to allow your escape if you just drop your money and run. I keep a sacrificial wad of cash in a dedicated pocket specifically for this purpose. If someone tries to rob me, they get that cash and I go home to my family.
If it is the person they want, not just cash or property, then my opinion is that pain based deterrents are an insufficient response.